Crna River (Vardar): Difference between revisions
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Thus, the river makes a bend of almost 180 degrees east of [[Bitola]]. This bend was part of the [[Macedonian front]] in World War I. It was known to the allied forces as the ''Cerna Bend'' or ''Cerna Loop'', and two major battles were fought here: the [[Battle of the Cerna Bend (1916)]] and the [[Battle of the Crna Bend (1917)]]. |
Thus, the river makes a bend of almost 180 degrees east of [[Bitola]]. This bend was part of the [[Macedonian front]] in World War I. It was known to the allied forces as the ''Cerna Bend'' or ''Cerna Loop'', and two major battles were fought here: the [[Battle of the Cerna Bend (1916)]] and the [[Battle of the Crna Bend (1917)]]. |
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The name ''Crna Reka'' means "Black River" in [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], a translation of its earlier [[Thracian language|Thracian]] name, '''Erigon''' ({{langx|grc|Ἐριγών|Erigón}}), meaning "black", akin to [[Greek language|Greek]] ''érebos'', "darkness"; [[Armenian language|Armenian]] ''erek'', "evening"; [[Old Norse]] ''røkkr'', "darkness"; [[Gothic language|Gothic]] ''riqis'', "darkness"; [[Sanskrit]] ''rájas'', "night"; and [[Tocharian B]] ''orkamo'', "dark".<ref>Katičic', Radoslav. ''Ancient Languages of the Balkans''. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 147</ref> |
The name ''Crna Reka'' means "Black River" in [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], a translation of its earlier [[Thracian language|Thracian]] name, '''Erigon''' ({{langx|grc|Ἐριγών|Erigón}}), meaning "black", akin to [[Greek language|Greek]] ''érebos'', "darkness"; [[Armenian language|Armenian]] ''erek'', "evening"; [[Old Norse]] ''røkkr'', "darkness"; [[Gothic language|Gothic]] ''riqis'', "darkness"; [[Sanskrit]] ''rájas'', "night"; and [[Tocharian B]] ''orkamo'', "dark".<ref>Katičic', Radoslav. ''Ancient Languages of the Balkans''. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 147</ref> |
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The Erigon River is mentioned by [[Arrian]] in the [[Anabasis of Alexander]],<ref>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Anabasis_of_Alexander/Book_I/Chapter_V#18 Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, §1.5.2]</ref> [[Livy]] in the History of Rome<ref>[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/livy/liv.31.shtml#39 §31.39, §39.53]</ref> [[Strabo]] in the [[Geographica]],<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7.7.8 Strabo, Geography, §7.7.8,, §7.7.9, §7.8.12, §7.8.20, §7.8.22, §7.8.23, §7.8.48]</ref> [[Athenaeus]] in the [[Deipnosophistae]].<ref>[https://topostext.org/work/218#2.43 Athenaeus, Deipnosophists ,§2.43 ]</ref> |
The Erigon River is mentioned by [[Arrian]] in the [[Anabasis of Alexander]],<ref>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Anabasis_of_Alexander/Book_I/Chapter_V#18 Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, §1.5.2]</ref> [[Livy]] in the History of Rome<ref>[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/livy/liv.31.shtml#39 §31.39, §39.53]</ref> [[Strabo]] in the [[Geographica]],<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7.7.8 Strabo, Geography, §7.7.8,, §7.7.9, §7.8.12, §7.8.20, §7.8.22, §7.8.23, §7.8.48]</ref> [[Athenaeus]] in the [[Deipnosophistae]].<ref>[https://topostext.org/work/218#2.43 Athenaeus, Deipnosophists ,§2.43 ]</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 01:56, 22 March 2025
| Crna River | |
|---|---|
 Crna River in Železnec, near Demir Hisar | |
 | |
| Native name | Црна Река (Macedonian) |
| Location | |
| Country | North Macedonia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Železnec |
| Mouth | |
• location | Vardar |
• coordinates | 41°33′18″N 21°58′49″E / 41.55500°N 21.98028°E |
| Length | 207 km (129 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Vardar→ Aegean Sea |
The Crna River (Macedonian: Црна Река ⓘ;"Black River"), also known in English as Cherna (Bulgarian: Черна),[1][a][3][4][5] Macedonian dialect: (Черна)[6][failed verification][clarification needed] is a river in North Macedonia. It is a right tributary of the Vardar River. It runs through much of the south and west of the country. Its source is in the mountains on the western part of North Macedonia, northwest of Demir Hisar.
It enters the Pelagonia valley at the village of Buchin and then flows through the village Sopotnica, and southwards through the plains east of Bitola. At Brod (Novaci Municipality) it turns northeast. It leaves the Pelagonia valley at the Staravina village and goes in the biggest canyon in North Macedonia, the Skočivir valley and flows into the Vardar River between Rosoman and Gradsko.
Thus, the river makes a bend of almost 180 degrees east of Bitola. This bend was part of the Macedonian front in World War I. It was known to the allied forces as the Cerna Bend or Cerna Loop, and two major battles were fought here: the Battle of the Cerna Bend (1916) and the Battle of the Crna Bend (1917).
The name Crna Reka means "Black River" in Macedonian, a translation of its earlier Thracian name, Erigon (Ancient Greek: Ἐριγών, romanized: Erigón), meaning "black", akin to Greek érebos, "darkness"; Armenian erek, "evening"; Old Norse røkkr, "darkness"; Gothic riqis, "darkness"; Sanskrit rájas, "night"; and Tocharian B orkamo, "dark".[7]
The Erigon River is mentioned by Arrian in the Anabasis of Alexander,[8] Livy in the History of Rome[9] Strabo in the Geographica,[10] Athenaeus in the Deipnosophistae.[11]
The Roman provincial capital of Stobi sat at the intersection of the Vardar and the Crna[12]
References
[edit]- ^ ...Erigon (Cherna in Bulgarian)... For more see: “Research Programme for Macedonian Studies (1989) Volume 6, Quarterly journal devoted to Macedonian history, Byzantine studies, Balkan studies, cultural and historic tradition of the Slavs in Southern Europe, p. 132.
- ^ Лозанка Пейчева и колектив (2022) Конструиране на българско национално културно наследство в чужбина, Парадигма, ISBN 9789543264964, стр. 438.
- ^ Richard C. Hall (2010) Balkan Breakthrough. The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918. Indiana University Press, ISBN 9780253004116, p. 78.
- ^ Hew Strachan (2023) The Oxford History of the First World War. Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780198871170, p. 85.
- ^ The New York Times. Current History. The European war, Volume 9, 1916, p. 388.
- ^ Видоески, Божидар (1999). Дијалектите на македонскиот јазик -Том 2. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts. p. 19.
- ^ Katičic', Radoslav. Ancient Languages of the Balkans. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 147
- ^ Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, §1.5.2
- ^ §31.39, §39.53
- ^ Strabo, Geography, §7.7.8,, §7.7.9, §7.8.12, §7.8.20, §7.8.22, §7.8.23, §7.8.48
- ^ Athenaeus, Deipnosophists ,§2.43
- ^ "Stobi-The Archeological Site". Stobi. April 25, 2024.
Note
[edit]- ^ The river is known in English also as the Cherna. English name derived from the "Battle of the Crna River bend" during WWI; Bulgarian: Битка при завоя на Черна.[2]